Echinacea and Truth in Labeling

Echinacea and truth in labeling.

BACKGROUND Echinacea sales represent 10% of the dietary supplement market in the United States, but there is no guarantee as to the content, quality, variability, or contamination in Echinacea preparations. OBJECTIVE To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the contents of Echinacea-only preparations available in a retail setting. METHODS One of each single-herb Echinacea preparations tha...

Presidential address. Truth in labeling: you can't fool Mother Nature.

A General Labeling Algorithm for Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance

Assumption-based truth maintenance systems have become a powerful and widely used tool in Artificial Intelligence problem solvers. The basic ATMS is restricted to accepting only horn clause justifications. Although various generalizations have been made and proposed to allow an ATMS to handle more general clauses, they have all involved the addition of complex and difficult to integrat~’hyperre...

Echinacea in infection.

Ongoing studies have developed strategies for identifying key bioactive compounds and chemical profiles in Echinacea with the goal of improving its human health benefits. Antiviral and antiinflammatory-antipain assays have targeted various classes of chemicals responsible for these activities. Analysis of polar fractions of E. purpurea extracts showed the presence of antiviral activity, with ev...

Truth Values and Connectives in Some Non-Classical Logics

The question as to whether the propositional logic of Heyting, which was a formalization of Brouwer's intuitionistic logic, is finitely many valued or not, was open for a while (the question was asked by Hahn). Kurt Gödel (1932) introduced an infinite decreasing chain of intermediate logics, which are known nowadays as Gödel logics, for showing that the intuitionistic logic is not finitely (man...